Preface, or the Truth Revealed

The truth revealed was when a young man, Nick Kostovic, made public his findings about the power of the Universe, the achieved knowledge he performs in the healing systems of our days. Doctors, patients, and common people thought of him as a magician who penetrated from the clouds to announce a new truth. And this is what it was-a new truth. The community of coastal Los Angeles became stunned when terminally sick people began to feel better, when invalids began to walk, when memories returned to Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s-diseased patients. For the past thirty years, Kostovic has conducted research on the effects of neurological disorders on human beings and spent the last fifteen years working on several projects in connection with bioenergetic physical therapy.

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Preliminary Development of a Magnetically Assisted Test Strip (MATS) Cartridge and Fluorescent DNA Aptamer-Magnetic Bead Quantum Dot Sandwich Assays for Multiplexed Food Safety Applications

Preliminary development of a simple mesofluidic multi-channel plastic cartridge with underlying external magnet to drag DNA aptamer-coated paramagnetic beads through fluids in the channels while developing a sandwich assay with quantum dot-conjugated reporter aptamers is described. 

This approach is superior to traditional lateral flow test strips in several ways including: 1) the ability to control the speed of lateral flow inthe channel versus conventional nitrocellulose analytical membranes with fixed wicking times. 2) The use of aptamers for potentially greater affinity and consistency from batch-to-batch versus comparable antibodies. 3) Superior fluorescence efficiency and intensity provided by quantum dots versus conventional fluorescent dyes and 4) the ability to multiplex based on the various colored emissions of different sized quantum dots when excited with a single ultra violet source. Development of the system from concept to prototype is described along with illustration of sensitive system performance for several food safety-related targets. The system is also clearly adaptable to rapid multiplex detection and sensitive quantitation of clinical biomarkers, drugs, environmental, veterinary or other target analytes.

New Insights on the Cardiovascular Inflammation due to Multi Layered Plaque Accumulation

Cellular functions such as the maintenance of homoeostasis are regulated by shear forces sensed by endothelial cells. The endothelial cells sense local changes by absorbing the stress and produces signals that either transduce chemical responses or transmit the same to regulate the cellular activity. Certain parts of our body are prone to plaque phenotype and they rupture due to plaque accumulation. The blood cells that are smaller in size under the normal conditions grow in size to block the blood flow through the arteries. Severe stenosis and the local particle concentration leads to high cardio vascular inflammation.

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Solid-phase Immuno Radio Metric Assay (IRMA) of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D and Displacement from Serum Binding Proteins for Resource-limited Settings

The development of a solid-phase immune radiometric assay to satisfy the pressing need for a simple yet effective method for measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] in a serum and thus more suited to routine use in clinical biochemical laboratories. The aim of this study was not to compare our home made with commercially available method but tested for general assay performance, including homemade polyclonal antibody specificity. Methods: We used our home made radioiodine (125I)-based IRMA kit for the detection of 25(OH)D. 

It is based upon, non-competitive displacement agents which enable effective separation of vitamin D metabolites from binding proteins to enable the amount of vitamin D metabolites to be measured, without competing with the proteins or requiring its solvent extraction from the serum.Our package called: “cgea 25(OH)D-irma” is analytically, all qualities we expect from a good medical test kit, with a precision of coefficients below 13%as well as intra-series that in inter-series and inter-batch accuracy with a linearity estimated at 0.8ng/ml and good stability of the radio labeled trace(60 days). Conclusion: Simplification of the methods for extraction and separation has been a key feature in the improvement of assays for vitamin D in Democratic Republic of Congo. 

Linear Quadratic Tracking Control of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements

Conventional feedback control models of the oculo motor system fail to account for the destabilizing effects of neural transmission delays. To address this short coming, a linear quadratic tracking algorithm used to control smoothly pursuing eye movements of various target trajectories is presented. 

Based on the type of input to the system, itis shown that stability, in the presence of large motor feedback delays, can be maintained by modulating weighting factors intrinsic to the model. Conditions, such as the initial orientation of the eye relative to the location of where a target first becomes salient and the possible oscillatory nature that the reference trajectory may present, play important roles in determining the optimal cost to go motor control strategy at the onset of a tracking movement.

Multi-layered Non-Newtonian Plaque Formation causes Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases

Heart is a sensitive organ prone to vulnerabilities like plaque phenotype, leading to increased rupture. Blood particles get concentrated as a result of such stress in the blood circulation and distribution. Endothelial cells that are crucial for the maintenance of Cellular functions like homoeostasis are able to sense the changes in its surroundings and induce chemical responses. It may transmit the stress to regulate the cellular activity, leading to concentration of cells and inflammation and cardio-vascular diseases.   

Identification of Double-Step Saccades Elicited by Auditory Double-Step Stimuli

Voluntary Saccadic eye movements can have visual, auditory, and auditory-visual bisensory origins. An experiment may be defined to examine how changing the type of sensory inputs and the number of them in a sequence reveals the type of the saccade generated by the oculo motor system; herein deemed single-step or double-step. 

This work reports design of experiments of double-step auditory stimuli played for human subjects, recording triggered saccadic eye movements, detecting each saccade, as well as estimating the saccade response characteristics, namely duration and latency. Based on the latency, then, it determines the type of the generated saccade by the subject through a clustering technique. We found that when doubling the amplitude of the two separate steps in double-step inputs, while keeping their duration unchanged, the number of triggered double-step saccades rises. 

The Standing Acoustic Wave Principle within the Frequency Analysis of Acoustic Signals in the Cochlea

The organ of hearing is responsible for the correct frequency analysis of auditory perceptions coming from the outer environment. The article deals with the principles of the analysis of auditory perceptions in the cochlea only, i.e., from the overall signal leaving the oval window to its decomposition realized by the basilar membrane. The paper presents two different methods with the function of the cochlea considered as a frequency analyzer of perceived acoustic signals. 

First, there is an analysis of the principle that cochlear function involves acoustic waves travelling along the basilar membrane; this concept is one that prevails in the con temporary specialist literature. Then, a new principle with the working name “the principle of standing acoustic waves in the common cavity of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani” is presented and defined in depth. According to this principle, individual structural modes of the basilar membrane are excited by continuous standing waves of acoustic pressure in the scale tympani.

Human-Organoid Models: Accomplishments to Salvage Test-Animals

Late stage attritions in drug discovery are costly and consuming. Improbable response of test molecules acquired in non-human systems is attributed to be the major cause of clinical failures. While conventional in vitro methods of drug discovery do not truly represent the human system, the animal models used for in vivo validation are also genetically and phenotypically distant from humans. However, recent developments in organoid culture are motivating and elevate hopes for replacing test animals with artificial human tissue models. 

Possibility of creating functional tissue ex vivo has a potential to revolutionize the way human therapeutics is perceived. Not only will it bridge the gap between drug development and its clinical efficacy but also help strategizing regenerative medicine. Successful human-tissue surrogates would liberate test animals or at least minimize their use for research purposes.